studi identifikasi potensi ekowisata lembah ramma kaki ...

IDENTIFICATION OF PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN RAMMA VALLEY AT BAWAKARAENG MOUNTAIN SOUTH SULAWESI Mohamad Padri1, Surianto1, Andi Andriana1, Aji Maulana1 and A. Nurul Virninda1 1

Universitas Negeri Makassar Address: Dg. Tata street, -Parangtambung. Phone (0411) 840610, 841504 Makassar 90224 Emai address: [email protected]

Abstract This research is aim to identify the potential of ecotourism in Ramma valley. The kind of research is descriptive by using exploration method. The data of physical potential, Flora and Fauna potential are collected by direct exploration on the field by using GPS, compass, and meter. There is also supporting potential such as social condition which is collected by survey to the people around that area. The data will be processed and used for making ecotourism route plan to Ramma valley. The result shown that Ramma valley has lot of attractive physical potentials to be improved such as water fall, hill top, camping ground, river and lake. Flora and Fauna potential are also become attractive icons which is exist in this area, The kind of Flora such as orchid, flowering epiphyte plants, passion fruits, flowering shrubs and Fauna icons such as fishes, partridges and birds. Social, economic and culture aspects in Lembanna district also can support this ecotourism, the people are open-minded and welcoming the visitors.

Keyword: Ecotourism, Physical Potential, Social Potential, Ramma Valley. continuously threatened increasing by the number of climbers per weeks. One alternative way for this phenomenon is conducting environmental resources exploration by changing the camp activities in to eco-tourism activities. According to The International Ecotourism Society (1990), Ecotourism is a kind of responsible travel to natural areas to protect the environment and improve the welfare of local society in addition to prevent systemic damage being more widespread in that region, in other hand it can also become a potential for local society income. The results of exploration and surveys that already conducted in Ramma valley shown physical and social conditions were supporting for ecotourism activities. Where can be found the variety of unique and beautiful scenery, flora and fauna variance and friendly society environment which more attract the visitors. According to Ahmad (2012), if the potential of flora and fauna with physical objects, such as

I. Introduction Sulawesi Island is a unique place. It is located at the rally between west biota which is related to Asia and east biota that is related to Australia. Sulawesi is a distinctive and beautiful region, it has lot of variance of plants and animals. This place also has endemic species in higher numerous than the other area in the world (Cannon et al, 2005). One of potential location can be found in Gowa, precisely at the foothills of Bawakaraeng Mountain. According to Ronialimuddin (2013) Bawakaraeng Mountain in Gowa becomes destination of the climbers in South Sulawesi. Its valley named Ramma. This location become a beautiful camping corner which has unspoiled landscape and many other unique plants. It is an enchanting valley at South Sulawesi. Ramma valley, as the camp sites indirectly disrupted by uncontrolled habit of the climbers, such as careless of environmental sustainability which damage the ecosystem at that area. The 814

topography, caves and its ornaments, and waterfalls conducting as a tourist attraction, then it will bring a great economic benefit without destroying the ecosystem. Based on the case above, this study aims to identify the physical and social potential of ecotourism activities that is expecting to have a positive impact on Ramma valley preservation.

destruction of ecosystems can be resolved with ecotourism activities. The Addition activity of ecotourism trip of someone or group can be an educational trip for visitors, as described by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and WWFIndonesia, (2009) The term "ecotourism" can be interpreted as a trip by tourists to remote areas with the aim of enjoy and learn about nature, history and culture in a region, where the pattern of tourism helps local economies and support the conservation of nature.

II. Content and Method This research was conducted Ramma valley of Bawakaraeng mountain- Gowa, South Sulawesi. It was held during 4 months starting at April to July 2014. The observation for this study area was conducted by exploration. Before navigating to the previous studies that already conducted, the field surveys were also conduct interviews to the local people for getting preliminary data regarding Ramma Valley area. The data collection was performed direct observation method on the field by doing camping in the target area for several days and searching within satellite captures to find a potential point as additional physical resources. Then the exploration carried out on the potential area. After having the captures, then the next step is taking the coordinates of the regions. Materials and tools in the field of this study include tents, Nesting, stove, sleeping Bag, Golf Shoes, chopper knives and Knives. The instrument of data taken were using GPS, Google Earth and ArcGIS Software, Computer Gear, Camera, meter with the length: 100 meters and 10 meters. The material of this study is eco-tourism potential of Ramma valley.

A. Physical Potential According to Ahmad (2012), the potential for ecotourism of physical potential land are built from mountain peaks, waterfalls, rivers and camping ground. Ecotourism potentials include such those things in Ramma Valley. So that, the focus of this research is the potential for an interesting topography physical, biological ecosystems, and other potential supporters. 1. Tallung Peak Tallung peak (Figure 1) is one of the physical potential to be one of the attraction in height area that will show Ramma valley scenery which consist of steep mountain slopes, rivers, lakes, forests and composite stone that surround the Valley Ramma. This peak reached approximately 3 hours from Lembanna hamlet, it is the last hamlet before climbing. At the top of this area there is also a monument in memoriam one of the climbers, hikers can also camping to wait for sunrise or sunset view. 2. River One of the interesting physical potential in Ramma Valley is the rivers flowing and splitting the camping ground (Figure 2). This river is a very important resource for hikers and nature lovers. In addition, there is also a river in the forest surrounded by wild plants that grow along the river, lined the rocks that form the stratified flow, thus forming a complex beautiful ecosystem

III. Result and Discussion Ramma Valley has the physical and social potential that supporting tourist attraction. In order to make it as ecotourism, the problems occur such as 815

3. Lake The lake of Ramma valley (Figure 3) is an attraction for hikers and nature lovers. It is surrounded by beautiful plants as a good physical potential. Besides the beautiful scenery, the lake is also become fishing corner for hikers or nature lovers. The lake is surrounded by small hills that might be as an alternative place to camping.

the view of the waterfall from the hills. In addition, nature lovers and hikers can camping in this area. b. Waterfall in Ramma valley. This Waterfall is flowing high enough from the top to the valley. The water is the main attraction for nature lovers. In Ramma Valley, on the steep slopes there is water flow that resembles a waterfall. The water flow to form multiple streams of beautiful waterfalls surrounded by views of the hillside which is usually covered by fog.

4. Forest Natural forest covering and pine forests have great potential for tourism development (Figure 4). According to Fandeli, 2001 (in Ahmad, 2012), forest ecosystems saving lot of information about biodiversity to serve as the object of ecotourism. The forest is one of dazzling physical potential. Besides being a home for unique animals such as partridge and a long-tailed bird. This forest is also interesting tourist attraction because there are many forest plants such as epiphytic orchids and grounded orchid grows in the forest.

6. Camping ground Ramma Valley has camping ground area that is potentially (Figune 6), surrounded by steep slopes and rivers located along the camping ground. The camping ground is still necessary arrangements, in order to more optimum utilization. Needed a study for this spatial arrangement camping ground, according to the carrying capacity utilization, so that it will give comfort to the visitors do camping. The trip to this camping area in takes about 4 hours from the Lembanna village. According to the Directorate General of Tourism Republic of Indonesia (1985), Natural Potential tourism can be divided into four regions, such as the flora and fauna. In Ramma Valley area, there are several kinds of flora that can become tourism potential for nature lovers. Types of flora that found during the search as follows.

5. Waterfall Waterfall in Ramma valley found in two locations, near Lembanna and Ramma valley (Figure 5). a. Waterfall near Lembanna Waterfall in this region has a height about 20 meters. This waterfall is approximately 30 minutes from Lembanna. This scene is the physical potential attraction for the climber. The ecotourism lovers and hikers can enjoy

Andi Andriana (2014) Figure 1. Tallung peak scenery

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Andi Andriana (2014)

Aji Maulana (2014) Figure 2. The river at Ramma valley

Andi Andriana (2014)

Andi Andriana (2014)

Andi Andriana (2014)

Figure 3. The Lake at Ramma valley

Andi Andriana (2014)

Andi Andriana (2014)

Figure 4. The forest in Ramma

a

Andi Andriana (2014)

b

Andi Andriana (2014)

Figure 5. Waterfallat Ramma valley (a)Waterfall near Lembanna (b)Waterfall in Ramma valley

Andi Andriana (2014)

Andi Andriana (2014) 817

Figure 6. Camping Ground Area in Ramma Valley. a. Orchid throughout the year but ground orchids The Orchid plants in this area have some flowering in this area throughout the kind, either in the form of epiphytic year. However, in certain types of flower, orchids or terrestrial orchids. The the blooming stage can only be found in beauty of this plant in this area can be certain months also, in accordance with found simply by traveling a few meters the flowering season of each species from the campsite. Most epiphytic (Figue 7). orchids were blooming in this area not

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b.

Mohamad Padri (2014) 2 3 Figure 7. Orchids at Ramma valley (1) Grounded Orchid; (2) and (3) Epiphytic Orchid

Pteridophyta and Another Epiphytic Plant

Ramma valley so it looks like rows of plants that are deliberately grown by humans (Figure 9).

Mohamad Padri (2014) Figure 8. Epiphytic Plant on Stem Pteridophyta in this area is also one of identifier of vegetation in this area. In this area it has diverse kinds and quite interesting to watch the difference and spreading. Epiphytic plant in this area has diverse forms. The existence of this plant is also very interesting for nature lovers (Figure 8).

Mohamad PadriFruit (2014) Figure 9. Wild Passion d. Another Flowering Plant Flowering Shrub Plant with habitat of shrub although liana in this area are also can be used as a very strong fascination. Its presence forming shrub vegetation with variated flowers. This scene can be seen directly by nature lovers from land camp (camping ground). This shrub grows freely in the Ramma Valley. In addition to the resources of flora, fauna, there are also resources that live in the Ramma Valley area (Figure 10).

c. Wild Passion Fruit Wild passion fruit in this area is also an endemic plant to this area. Fertilization are abundant in the months with low rainfall, it makes this region filled with passion fruit in certain areas in 818

Figure 12. 2 kinds of Bird that found in the forest B. Social Potential Lembanna environment which is the nearest township of Ramma Valley area also has a majority of the population work as farmers. Based on field observations, this village has residents who are really friendly to the tourists. The friendly demeanor of the society is also shown by the banquet that they do to the climber when the climber will climb to the Bawakaraeng Mountain or Ramma Valley. The culture of the residents who are maintaining the conservation is definitely support the implementation of the concept of ecotourism for the trip to the Valley Ramma. According to Hadinoto in Mukaryanti et al (2005), ecotourism is a form of tourism activities that take advantage of the authenticity of the natural environment, where there is interaction between residents and tourists. Therefore, in culturally the residents around Ramma Valley also have the potential to interact socially with the tourists and this is one of the main supporters of ecotourism activities and it can increase the income of the people, if this ecotourism is implemented.

Figure 10. Flowering Shrub Plant Besides Flora, there are also fauna lived in Ramma valley that following below: a. Partridge Partridge (Gallus gallus) is one of the types of animals that can be found in the woods around the Ramma valley. This type includes species that are hard to find free Ramma Valley area, this is because the species is very sensitive to the surrounding conditions. Voice of this species was heard in Ramma Valley area (Figure 11)

Figure 11. Partridge that found in the forest around Ramma Valley b. Bird One type of free-flying birds can be found in the area where the climbers were camping. This type has a shape similar to the morphology of birds in general. The second bird was found in the woods around the Valley Ramma. This species is larger than the first bird species, has a long tail and reddish brown (Figure 12).

IV. Conclusion Potential of natural resources in Ramma Valley region has various kinds. Start from physical resources such as Niagara Falls, camp area, Tallung peaks, lakes, forests, and rivers. There are also flora and fauna resources such as, natural orchids, epiphytic passion fruit plants and forest birds. Resource was also supported by the social condition of society which is open minded and willing to cooperate with nature lovers. In addition to the open minded demeanor of the citizens, awareness of nature conservation and always keep the 819

environment are also become one of the hallmark of the community in the hamlet Lembanna. 4. Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata dan WWF-Indonesia. 5. Mukaryanti & A. Saraswati. 2005. Pengembangan Ekowisata Sebagai Pendekatan Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir Berkelanjutan Kasus Desa Blendung- Kabupaten Pemalang. J. Tek. Ling. 6 (12):391-396. 6. Ronialimuddin.2013. Lembah Ramma, 'The Lost World' di Kaki Gunung Bawakaraeng.http://travel.detik.com/re adfoto/2013/07/14/131000/2301499/ 1026/2/lembah-ramma-the-lost-worlddi-kaki-gunung-bawakaraeng (online) October, 6th 2013. 7. The International Ecotourism Society. 1990. What is Ecotourism.Http://www.ecotourism.org . (Online) October, 6th 2013.

References 1. Achmad, A., Oka P.N., Umar, A., dan Asrianny. 2012.Identifikasi Tutupan Vegetasi Dan Potensi Fisik Lahan Untuk Pengembangan Ekowisata Di Laboratorium Lapangan Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan Dan Ekowisata Hutan Pendidikan Unhas. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea. 1 (2) : 87-102 2. Cannon, C., J. Harting., A. Salim., M. Summers. 2005. The Vegetation of Sulawesi. Ecoregional Conservation Assessment. Texas.Texas University. 3. Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata dan WWF-Indonesia. 2009. Prinsip dan Kriteria Ekowisata Berbasis Masyarakat. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pengembangan Destinasi Pariwisata Departemen.

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